VWF and diabetes mellitus: Although there are numerous biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of various forms of diabetes, this narrative review critically examines key coagulation biomarkers-including D-dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin, tissue thromboplastin or tissue factor, P-selectin, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, thrombomodulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, von Willebrand factor, and β-thromboglobulin-across distinct diabetes subtypes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and secondary forms linked to endocrinopathies and pancreatic diseases.