In both pancreatic cancer and mesothelioma models, this combination remodelled the tumour microenvironment, enhancing cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell infiltration, upregulating Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), and reducing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is pancreatic neoplasm.