KDR and autoimmune thyroid disease: In contrast, when compared with ICI monotherapy, VEGFR-TKI + ICI showed more heterogeneous disproportionality signals, with generally lower reporting of hypothalamus, pituitary, and hyperglycemic disorders, whereas hypoglycemia and thyroid irAEs were more frequently reported, except for autoimmune thyroid diseases.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Combination therapy, compared with VEGFR-TKI monotherapy, was associated with a higher reporting frequency of specific endocrine irAEs, whereas comparisons with ICI monotherapy yielded mixed signals, highlighting regimen- and event-specific differences.