INS and diabetes mellitus: Their findings align with current 2022 American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (ADA/EASD) consensus guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus endorsing metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 agonists as first-line therapies, recommending cautious early insulin use, and reserving DPP-4 inhibitors, sulfonylureas, and pioglitazone for selective cases.