SPARC and Menkes disease: Further analyses revealed that the individuals with higher baseline SPARC-1H levels were associated with fewer improvements in fasting insulin (β ± SE: 1.54 ± 0.43; <i>P </i>= 0.002), fasting glucose (0.10 ± 0.04; <i>P </i>= 0.049), the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, 0.47 ± 0.12; <i>P </i>= 0.0005), and the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β, 7.63 ± 3.27; <i>P </i>= 0.047) after 6 months in the MD group.