<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate metabolic reprogramming-especially pyruvate metabolism-in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before and after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, construct a metabolism-related prognostic model, and evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting LDHA.<h4>Methods</h4>Integrated single-cell RNA-seq data (GEO, Mendeley) were analyzed using Seurat, AUCell, pySCENIC, CellChat, and Monocle. This evidence concerns the gene LDHA and hepatocellular carcinoma.