Risk ratios (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated.<h4>Results</h4>Compared with GLP-1 users, non-GLP-1 patients had higher incidences of pneumonitis (3.6% vs. 2.5%; HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.58-1.95), pneumonia (13.2% vs. 12.2%; HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.27-1.41), mechanical ventilation (4.4% vs. 3.3%; HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.49-1.79), sepsis (12.8% vs. 11.1%; HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.37-1.52), and bacteremia (5.2% vs. 4.4%; HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.35-1.59) (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). The gene discussed is GLP1R; the disease is pneumonia.