This retrospective study aimed to determine whether tumor budding is a risk factor for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in stage IB1 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and to explore the relationship between PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and CD8<sup>+</sup> and FOXP3<sup>+</sup> tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) within tumor budding regions.<h4>Methods</h4>Tumor budding was retrospectively evaluated in 106 cases of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) (2009) stage IB1 CSCC. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and metastatic malignant neoplasm in the lymph nodes.