TNF and infection: Body weight, clinical symptoms, inflammatory cell counts in venous blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), pulmonary histopathological damage, pathogen burden, as well as serum levels of ferritin (FER), Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10) were assessed in each group.<h4>Results</h4>Among all groups, LPS + CTX and ID + CTX groups exhibited severe infection symptoms, significant weight loss, and the highest clinical symptom scores (all P < 0.001).