11 genes were identified as hub genes playing a pivotal role in immune regulation, among those several cyto- or chemokines (IL1B, CCL20, CXCL1/2), costimulatory receptors (IL2RA, CD80, TLR2) and modulatory proteins like PD-L1 and IDO1.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our results indicate that inflammatory activity rather as assessed by the IBD-DCA score rather than the underlying disease entity significantly alters the transcriptomic signature in mucosal specimens of pediatric IBD patients. This evidence concerns the gene IDO1 and inflammatory bowel disease.