NFKB1 and viral infectious disease: Several recent studies have shown that many of TRIM proteins can take part in host defense to combat viral infection by diverse and distinct molecular mechanisms involving interaction with the NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa-B) pathway, JAK(Janus Kinase)-STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) pathway, RLR/MDA5 (Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5) pathway, as well as IRF (Interferon Regulatory Factor) pathway; it can even induce premature degradation of viral proteins.