TNF and long COVID-19: Mechanistic studies, biomarker research, and translational trials involving corticosteroids, cytokine inhibitors, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and novel biologics were critically analyzed.<h4>Results</h4>The literature reveals that elevated levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ persist in a subset of PASC patients, contributing to chronic systemic and organ-specific inflammation.