Mice given fecal transplants from the high-dose GP group showed less aortic plaques, lower levels of some lipid and inflammatory cytokines, more goblet cells, more expression of ZO-1 and Occludin, and more 1-methylnicotinamide than those given fecal transplants from the model group.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study suggests that GP is beneficial for alleviating atherosclerosis in HFD-induced ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice, potentially by modulating the composition of gut microbiota and related metabolites. Here, OCLN is linked to atherosclerosis.