The objective of this study is to assess the levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in children with isolated AH and those with AH in conjunction with OME.<h4>Methods</h4>Thirty children with AH and OME who underwent adenoidectomy and tympanostomy tube placement were included in the OME group, whereas 30 children with isolated AH who underwent adenoidectomy were included in the AH group. The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is otitis media with effusion.