ROC analysis revealed that adenoid tissue IL-17 and IL-10 exhibited higher AUC values, specificity, and sensitivity for predicting AH in combination with OME compared to their serum counterparts (P < 0.05).<h4>Conclusion</h4>The reduced local expression of IL-17 and IL-10 in adenoid tissue is associated with the development of OME in children with AH. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and otitis media with effusion.