Concentrations of IL-17 and IL-10 in both adenoid tissue and serum were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<h4>Results</h4>Levels of IL-17 (4.20 ± 1.51 ng/mL) and IL-10 (3.77 ± 1.06 ng/mL) in adenoid tissue were significantly lower in the OME group than in the AH group (5.29 ± 2.16 ng/mL and 4.80 ± 1.93 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.05). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is otitis media with effusion.