We hypothesised that inflammatory stress elicits a reproducible microRNA (miRNA) program in human islets and islet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be detected in plasma EVs to stratify diabetes risk, while also providing insight into molecular pathways linked to beta cell dysfunction.<h4>Methods</h4>Human islets were exposed to IL-1β+IFN-γ, and small RNA-seq was performed on islets and islet-derived EVs. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is diabetes mellitus.