<h4>Purpose</h4>This study aimed to investigate the expression of carbonic anhydrase-1 (CA-1) in the aqueous humor of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and to explore its correlations with other cytokines and macular structure in a real-world setting.<h4>Methods</h4>This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Here, CA1 is linked to diabetic macular edema.