TIMM13 and coinfection: This new landscape is defined by pervasive multi-species co-infection (129/212, 60.85%), including 61 cases with ≥ 3 species and 7 pigs co-infected with ≥ 5 species, characterized by non-random associations, where even low-prevalence species such as PPV1 and PPV5 exhibit a high propensity for co-infection (permutation test: PPV1 p < 0.001; PPV5 p = 0.002).