Importantly, EA intervention significantly modulated the expression of the entire network, including <i>Plxnb2</i>, <i>Ltbp3</i>, and <i>TGF-β</i>, confirming their functional relevance.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Integrating large-scale human genetic data with <i>in vivo</i> validation, our study highlights the significance of immune-related genes-particularly <i>LTBP3</i>, <i>PLXNB2</i>, <i>TGF-β</i>, and <i>IgA</i>-in T2DM pathogenesis. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.