TGFB1 and stage 5 chronic kidney disease: <h4>Introduction</h4>Renal fibrosis is a common pathological feature of chronic kidney disease and a major driver of progression to end-stage renal disease, but its molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.<h4>Methods</h4>We integrated multi-omics datasets from GEO and published studies, including mRNA, protein, miRNA, and circRNA data from unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) models, TGF-β-induced in vitro fibrosis models, and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HucMSC-Exo).