In the context of inflammation, HIF-1α plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various disorders-including periodontitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, viral hepatitis, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease-by modulating the expression of inflammatory mediators, driving cellular metabolic reprogramming, and influencing tissue barrier function. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is eosinophilic esophagitis.