Increased urinary IL-10 was strongly associated with active LN, while G-CSF discriminated post-induction from sustained responders.<h4>Discussion and conclusions</h4>The combined analysis of serum/urinary metabolomic profiles and urinary cytokines provides discriminatory power to differentiate active LN from remission states, supporting their potential role as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Here, CSF3 is linked to lobular neoplasia.