CYGB and chronic kidney disease: Several biomarkers, including urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and hemoglobin (HGB), were associated with observed FC alterations.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our findings indicate that DKD patients exhibit distinct patterns of brain activity compared to non-DKD patients, with the putamen potentially acting as a key neural target in the progression of CKD.