The expression of IDO and PD-L1 was evaluated separately on tumor cells (IDO/CA, PD-L1/CA), lymphocytes (IDO/L, PD-L1/L) and stromal cells (IDO/S, PD-L1/S) and the results were correlated with the remaining clinical and pathological features of patients, as well as with local recurrence, metastasis and survival. The gene discussed is IDO1; the disease is neoplasm.