These subsets are not randomly distributed but are spatially organized through niche-instructive signals-such as hypoxia, perivascular cues, and tumor-derived metabolites-leading to context-dependent enrichment: immunosuppressive TAMs accumulate in the tumor core, BAMs localize to perivascular zones and express pro-angiogenic factors, while hypoxic necrotic regions are populated by metabolically reprogrammed HMOX1<sup>+</sup> TAMs. The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is neoplasm.