Other important factors, including BMI, smoking status, drinking status, cardiometabolic condition, cholesterol, triglyceride, and non-invasive fibrosis score (i.e., AST/ALT score, APRI, BARD) were not.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our findings, for the first time, provided evidence of non-viral important risk factors for HCC in Vietnam. This evidence concerns the gene GPT and hepatocellular carcinoma.