<h4>Background</h4>The non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNA-181a-5p target the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) a key negative regulator of NF-κB signaling and affect the levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in chronic myeloid leukamia (CML).<h4>Methods</h4>The study included 57 individuals with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 33 healthy individuals. The gene discussed is TNFAIP3; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.