STING1 and allergic rhinitis: <h4>Background</h4>The synergistic effect of PM2.5 and house dust mite (HDM) in exacerbating allergic rhinitis (AR) is recognized, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.<h4>Objective</h4>This study investigated whether PM2.5 aggravates HDM-induced AR and nasal epithelial barrier damage via the STING signaling pathway.<h4>Methods</h4>This research combined bioinformatics analysis of a human nasal transcriptome dataset with <i>in vivo</i> (BALB/c mouse model) and <i>in vitro</i> (Human Nasal Epithelial Cells, HNEpCs) experiments.