<h4>Background</h4>Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains a critical challenge in the treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).<h4>Methods</h4>Our study evaluated the combined efficacy of the recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (H101) and an anti-PD-L1 antibody (APA) in C57BL/6N mouse model. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.