HIF1A and neoplasm: Specifically, many compounds inhibit pathological tumor angiogenesis (via VEGF/HIF-1α/NF-κB/MMP-related signaling) while supporting endothelial defense and microvascular recovery in non-cancerous tissues through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways (e.g., Nrf2/HO-1).