The network pharmacology analysis further identified 124 common targets, revealing that XQLT exerts multicomponent, synergistic therapeutic effects through core hubs such as NFE2L2 and NOS2.<h4>Conclusions</h4>This comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas provides novel insights into the cellular heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms of pediatric asthma. Here, NOS2 is linked to childhood onset asthma.