The review further outlines pharmacodynamic anchors-hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C-pyruvate MRI (k<sub>PL</sub>), soluble ANGPT2, and spatial NT5E/ADORA2A modules-to operationalize a bench-to-biomarker-to-bedside loop using organoid-immune co-cultures, humanized/xenograft systems, and <i>ex vivo</i> tumor slices. The gene discussed is ANGPT2; the disease is neoplasm.