IGF1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Biomarkers like glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), nesfatin-1, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), leptin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) play important roles in various physiological processes.<h4>Objectives</h4>This study evaluated the metabolic and molecular effects of psyllium in an experimental T2DM rat model.<h4>Methods</h4>Thirty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups (n = 10): Control, Diabetes, and Diabetes + PHP.