Furthermore, three critical frontiers for future investigation were identified: (1) the regulatory role of PPARγ in lipid metabolic reprogramming and its therapeutic implications; (2) the molecular mechanisms of the farnesoid X receptor in modulating bile acid metabolism during hepatocarcinogenesis; and (3) the NF-κB signaling pathways that mediate metabolic shifts and confer chemoresistance in liver cancer.<h4>Discussion</h4>These findings provide a comprehensive reference for prioritizing research directions and therapeutic target discovery in the metabolic-related oncology domain. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is liver cancer.