The results indicated that PA suppressed HCC growth by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential imbalance, and DNA damage, ultimately resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the activation of p53/p21 and also extrinsic (Fas/FasL/caspase-8), intrinsic (Bax/Bcl2/caspase-9), and caspase-independent pathways. Here, CASP9 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.