NCAM1 and COVID-19: Furthermore, cell-cell communication analysis revealed enhanced interactions between astrocytes and microglia, excitatory neurons, or oligodendrocytes through signaling molecules such as phosphoprotein 1, CADM1, NCAM1, NRG, and NRXN1, suggesting that astrocytes play a central role in regulating neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and immune responses in the context of COVID-19.