Compared with those without or with low residual insulin secretion, participants with high secretion had a shorter median duration of diabetes (two (IQR: 1-4) vs six (IQR: 2-11) years; p=0.009), lower median daily insulin doses (0.7 (IQR: 0.4-0.8) vs 0.9 (IQR: 0.7-1.3) IU/kg; p=0.008), fewer median episodes of severe hypoglycaemia (zero (IQR: 0-2) vs four (IQR: 1-6); p=0.006), higher median BMI (26.1 (IQR: 25-29.3) vs 22.9 (IQR: 19.4-25.6) kg/m2; p=0.02), and lower median HbA1c levels (7.1 (IQR: 6.1-8.3) vs 9.1 (IQR: 8.1-12.2)%; p=0.01). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.