TIMP1 and glioblastoma: Furthermore, we functionally characterized the core target, TIMP1, via lentiviral knockdown in U87 cells, employing Transwell, CCK-8, and IC50 assays to evaluate its impact on malignancy and, crucially, its capacity to modulate TMZ chemosensitization.<h4>Results</h4>Single-cell analysis stratified GBM samples into distinct metabolic subclasses, revealing significant metabolic heterogeneity.