Logistic regression adjusted for age and sex showed higher miR-134-5p expression to be associated with lack of response to anti-TNF therapy (OR, 1.74; 95% CI: 1.02-2.93; <i>p</i> = 0.039).<h4>Conclusion</h4>miR-134-5p may serve as a predictive biomarker of poor response to anti-TNF therapy in RA. Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.