The expression of a motor protein involved in anterograde axonal mitochondrial transport, kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A), was upregulated, whereas the expression of a dynein protein involved in mitochondrial retrograde transport, Dynein cytoplasmic 1 intermediate chain 2 (DYNC1I2), was downregulated by ALA.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The results of this study suggest that ALA alleviates peripheral nerve injury in diabetic rats by promoting the anterograde axonal transport of mitochondria, which may be related to AMPK/CREB signaling. The gene discussed is CREB1; the disease is peripheral nerve injury.