SOX9 and osteoarthritis: Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis quantified the expression of catabolic (IL-1β, MMP-13, RANKL) and anabolic (COL-II, SOX9, OPG) biomarkers in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone.<h4>Results</h4>Radiographic and histological findings demonstrated successful osseointegration and physiological tolerance in the Control and Group A. Conversely, Group B exhibited severe osteoarthritis-like pathology, including cartilage erosion, proteoglycan depletion and subchondral sclerosis.