Additionally, ZB treatment upregulated the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio as well as the expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1α.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The diagnostic model featuring genes BCAT2, CASP8, and EPHX2 provides new insights for T2DM diagnosis and treatment. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.