CTSA and Leukoencephalopathy: Cathepsin A-related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy (CARASAL) is an extremely rare genetic SVD caused by a single heterozygous <i>CTSA</i> variant, which can mimic cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the most common genetic SVD.