UO were more efficacious than standard topical drugs in healing rate (RR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.49-2.34, 8 RCTs, n = 462), percentage reduction in ulcer area (RR = 17.82%, 95% CI: 12.63-23.00, 3 RCTs, n = 179), ulcer area (RR = -1.66 cm<sup>2</sup>, 95% CI: -1.98 to -1.35, 3 RCTs, n = 157), healing time, clinical effective rate (RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10-1.32, 9 RCTs, n = 491), TCM symptom complex scores, pain scores, and VEGF levels. Here, VEGFA is linked to ulcer disease.