NLRP3 and Parkinson disease: This review not only establishes the NLRP3 inflammasome as a pivotal macromolecular target in PD therapy but also systematically demonstrates, from the perspectives of structural biology, immunology, and translational medicine, the significant value of PNPs as a novel class of precision neuroprotective modulators-thereby laying a theoretical foundation for developing multi-target, low-toxicity therapeutic agents against PD.