This study investigated the therapeutic effects of JXZDF on TD and explored underlying mechanisms involving neurotransmitter regulation and microglial IκB kinase/nuclear factor-κB (IKK/NF-κB) signaling, a pathway implicated in both inflammatory activation and metabolic reprogramming.<h4>Methods</h4>A TD rat model was established using 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and thanatophoric dysplasia.