TCF12 and central nervous system cancer: In conclusion, this study identified TAFCs as the central cells in the glioma microenvironment, with their signature genes <i>MSTN</i> and <i>TCF12</i> representing candidate immunometabolic signatures associated with macrophage-mediated immunosuppression and metabolic reprogramming in glioma, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for patient stratification and as targets for immunometabolic therapies.