CTLA4 and renal cell carcinoma: <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) care has been reshaped by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), now used across adjuvant and metastatic settings as PD-1/PD-L1 blockade alone, combined with anti-CTLA-4 agents, or in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).