We previously demonstrated that reduced brain and cerebrospinal fluid NAAG levels in people living with HIV correlate with cognitive impairment, and that pharmacological GCPII inhibition with 2-(phosphonomethyl)-pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA) elevates brain NAAG and improves cognition in EcoHIV-infected mice. The gene discussed is FOLH1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.