SMN1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Key discriminating features, such as normalized iodine concentration for <i>α</i>-SMA and spectral slope of K40-70 for CD8+, showed significant intergroup differences and plausible biological correlations.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The integration of DECT and radiomics presents a feasible, non-invasive strategy to assess specific TME components in NSCLC, underscoring the complementary value of different imaging data types towards developing biomarkers for personalized oncology.