TNF and Cowden disease: <h4>Objectives</h4>We aimed at identifying magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) predictors of surgical intervention and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) initiation in a paediatric cohort of patients newly diagnosed with isolated ileocaecal (L1) Crohn's disease (CD).<h4>Methods</h4>A longitudinal retrospective study was conducted at two Italian paediatric referral centres ('Meyer Children's Hospital', Florence and 'Maggiore Hospital', Bologna).